JSP - Internationalization| i18n| l10n
Before we proceed, let me explain three important terms:
·
Internationalization (i18n): This means enabling a web site to provide different versions of
content translated into the visitor's language or nationality.
·
Localization (l10n): This means adding resources to a web site to adapt it to a
particular geographical or cultural region for example Hindi translation to a
web site.
·
locale: This is a particular cultural or geographical region. It is usually
referred to as a language symbol followed by a country symbol which are
separated by an underscore. For example "en_US" represents english
locale for US.
There are number of items which should be taken care while
building up a global website. This tutorial would not give you complete detail
on this but it would give you a good example on how you can offer your web page
in different languages to internet community by differentiating their location
ie. locale.
A JSP can pickup appropriate version of the site based on
the requester's locale and provide appropriate site version according to the
local language, culture and requirements. Following is the method of request
object which returns Locale object.
java.util.Locale request.getLocale()
Detecting Locale:
Following are the important locale methods which you can
use to detect requester's location, language and of course locale. All the
below methods display country name and language name set in requester's
browser.
S.N.
|
Method & Description
|
1
|
String getCountry()
This method returns the country/region code in upper case for this locale in
ISO 3166 2-letter format.
|
2
|
String getDisplayCountry()
This method returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for
display to the user.
|
3
|
String getLanguage()
This method returns the language code in lower case for this locale in ISO
639 format.
|
4
|
String getDisplayLanguage()
This method returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for
display to the user.
|
5
|
String getISO3Country()
This method returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country.
|
6
|
String getISO3Language()
This method returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language.
|
Example:
This example shows how you display a language and
associated country for a request in a JSP:
<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%
//Get the client's Locale
Locale locale = request.getLocale();
String language = locale.getLanguage();
String country = locale.getCountry();
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Detecting Locale</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Detecting Locale</h1>
</center>
<p align="center">
<%
out.println("Language : " + language + "<br />");
out.println("Country : " + country + "<br />");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>
Languages Setting:
A JSP can output a page written in a Western European
language such as English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, Dutch etc. Here it
is important to set Content-Language header to display all the characters
properly.
Second point is to display all the special characters using
HTML entities, For example, "ñ" represents "ñ",
and "¡" represents "¡" as follows:
<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%
// Set response content type
response.setContentType("text/html");
// Set spanish language code.
response.setHeader("Content-Language", "es");
String title = "En Español";
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>En Español</p>
<p>¡Hola Mundo!</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Locale Specific Dates:
You can use the java.text.DateFormat class and its static
getDateTimeInstance( ) method to format date and time specific to locale.
Following is the example which shows how to format dates specific to a given
locale:
<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%@ page import="java.text.DateFormat,java.util.Date" %>
<%
String title = "Locale Specific Dates";
//Get the client's Locale
Locale locale = request.getLocale( );
String date = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(
DateFormat.FULL,
DateFormat.SHORT,
locale).format(new Date( ));
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>Local Date: <% out.print(date); %></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Locale Specific Currency
You can use the java.txt.NumberFormat class and its static
getCurrencyInstance( ) method to format a number, such as a long or double
type, in a locale specific curreny. Following is the example which shows how to
format currency specific to a given locale:
<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%@ page import="java.text.NumberFormat,java.util.Date" %>
<%
String title = "Locale Specific Currency";
//Get the client's Locale
Locale locale = request.getLocale( );
NumberFormat nft = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locale);
String formattedCurr = nft.format(1000000);
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>Formatted Currency: <% out.print(formattedCurr); %></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Locale Specific Percentage
You can use the java.txt.NumberFormat class and its static
getPercentInstance( ) method to get locale specific percentage. Following is
the example which shows how to format percentage specific to a given locale:
<%@ page import="java.io.*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%@ page import="java.text.NumberFormat,java.util.Date" %>
<%
String title = "Locale Specific Percentage";
//Get the client's Locale
Locale locale = request.getLocale( );
NumberFormat nft = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(locale);
String formattedPerc = nft.format(0.51);
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>Formatted Percentage: <% out.print(formattedPerc); %></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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